APA Style
APA Style for beginners
High school, college, and beyond
This is the American Psychological Association website location for people new to APA style.
In-Text Citations Checklist - https://apastyle.apa.org/instructional-aids/in-text-citation-checklist.pdf
Six Steps to Proper Citation Infographic - https://apastyle.apa.org/instructional-aids/six-steps-proper-citation.pdf
Author–Date Citation System - https://apastyle.apa.org/style-grammar-guidelines/citations/basic-principles/author-date
Short Quotations (fewer than 40 words)
Effective teams can be difficult to describe because “high performance along one domain does not translate to high performance along another” (Ervin et al., 2018, p. 470).
Block Quotations (40 words or more)
Researchers have studied how people talk to themselves:
Inner speech is a paradoxical phenomenon. It is an experience that is central to many people’s everyday lives, and yet it presents considerable challenges to any effort to study it scientifically. Nevertheless, a wide range of methodologies and approaches have combined to shed light on the subjective experience of inner speech and its cognitive and neural underpinnings. (Alderson-Day & Fernyhough, 2015, p. 957)
Parenthetical citations (in parentheses)
Falsely balanced news coverage can distort the public’s perception of expert consensus on an issue (Koehler, 2016).
Narrative citations (author name in text and date in parentheses)
Koehler (2016) noted the dangers of falsely balanced news coverage. (most common)
In 2016, Koehler noted the dangers of falsely balanced news coverage. (less common)